01過去の視点と人物の指し方
時制の後方移動を指定した問題では、現在形→過去形、現在進行形→過去進行形、現在完了形→過去完了形とします。過去形→過去完了形は指定がある場合に行います。過去完了形は通常そのままです。代名詞は今だれが話し、だれが聞いているかで決まります。
“I am busy.” → She said she was busy.B1
英語の間接話法の練習問題
このレッスンについて
英語の間接話法 · B1. 時制の後方移動を指定した問題では、現在形→過去形、現在進行形→過去進行形、現在完了形→過去完了形とします。過去形→過去完了形は指定がある場合に行います。過去完了形は通常そのままです。代名詞は今だれが話し、だれが聞いているかで決まります。
視点の変化をたどりながら、平叙文・疑問文・指示を間接話法にしてみましょう。
48 問
保存するとマイコレクションで見返せます。
学習マップ
練習を始めるReported speech
02間接疑問文は平叙文の語順に
疑問詞のある疑問文はasked＋人＋where/why/what time＋主語＋動詞にします。はい・いいえで答える疑問文はasked＋人＋if/whether＋主語＋動詞です。直接疑問文を作るためだけのdo/does/didは取り除きます。
“Where do you live?” → She asked where I lived.03指示は不定詞で伝える
依頼はasked＋人＋to＋動詞の原形、指示はtold＋人＋to＋原形で伝えます。否定はnot to＋原形です。to not＋原形も文法的に可能です。丁寧な疑問文が依頼として働くこともあるため、表す働きを確認してから型を選びましょう。
“Please wait.” → She asked me to wait.04実際の時と場所を保つ
tomorrowはthe next/following dayに、yesterdayはthe day beforeになることがあります。指す対象が変わればhere/theseをthere/thoseにする必要もあります。機械的な置き換えではありません。日付や場所を明示して意味を保つこともできます。
tomorrow → the next day (when the time reference changes)05時制の後方移動は常に必須ではない
今も成り立つ事実は、現在形でも通常の時制の後方移動でも正しく表せる場合があります。報告動詞が現在形なら、現在の視点を保つことがよくあります。指定と異なる有効な視点は課題の条件に合わないだけで、必ずしも英語として誤りではありません。sayはsaid (to somebody)、tellはtold somebodyとなり、toldの後の人にtoは付けません。
“The Earth is round.” → He said the Earth is / was round.06助動詞の意味を保つ
通常の過去の視点での報告では、canはcouldに、willはwouldになることがよくあります。should、could、would、mightは通常変えません。義務のmustはhad toにでき、mustのままの場合もあります。推量のmustを機械的にhad toにはしません。可能性のmayは、過去の報告では通常mightになります。
can → could · will → would · should → should図解
01 / 48D01保存するとマイコレクションで見返せます。
On Monday, Ben (he) spoke to Maya. Maya is reporting his words on Tuesday, using normal past-time backshift.
“I am waiting for your email.”
Maya: Ben told me that ...
学習ルート
01
ステップ 1 · ウォームアップ
0/6ウォームアップ
02
ステップ 2 · 理解を深める
0/3過去の視点と人物の指し方
時制の後方移動を指定した問題では、現在形→過去形、現在進行形→過去進行形、現在完了形→過去完了形とします。過去形→過去完了形は指定がある場合に行います。過去完了形は通常そのままです。代名詞は今だれが話し、だれが聞いているかで決まります。
03
ステップ 3 · 理解を深める
0/3間接疑問文は平叙文の語順に
疑問詞のある疑問文はasked＋人＋where/why/what time＋主語＋動詞にします。はい・いいえで答える疑問文はasked＋人＋if/whether＋主語＋動詞です。直接疑問文を作るためだけのdo/does/didは取り除きます。
04
ステップ 4 · 理解を深める
0/3指示は不定詞で伝える
依頼はasked＋人＋to＋動詞の原形、指示はtold＋人＋to＋原形で伝えます。否定はnot to＋原形です。to not＋原形も文法的に可能です。丁寧な疑問文が依頼として働くこともあるため、表す働きを確認してから型を選びましょう。
05
ステップ 5 · 理解を深める
0/3実際の時と場所を保つ
tomorrowはthe next/following dayに、yesterdayはthe day beforeになることがあります。指す対象が変わればhere/theseをthere/thoseにする必要もあります。機械的な置き換えではありません。日付や場所を明示して意味を保つこともできます。
06
ステップ 6 · 理解を深める
0/3時制の後方移動は常に必須ではない
今も成り立つ事実は、現在形でも通常の時制の後方移動でも正しく表せる場合があります。報告動詞が現在形なら、現在の視点を保つことがよくあります。指定と異なる有効な視点は課題の条件に合わないだけで、必ずしも英語として誤りではありません。sayはsaid (to somebody)、tellはtold somebodyとなり、toldの後の人にtoは付けません。
07
ステップ 7 · 理解を深める
0/3助動詞の意味を保つ
通常の過去の視点での報告では、canはcouldに、willはwouldになることがよくあります。should、could、would、mightは通常変えません。義務のmustはhad toにでき、mustのままの場合もあります。推量のmustを機械的にhad toにはしません。可能性のmayは、過去の報告では通常mightになります。
08
ステップ 8 · 別の場面で復習
0/16別の場面で復習
09
ステップ 9 · 応用チャレンジ
0/8応用チャレンジ
この単元の復習ノート
0間違いを、次の一歩に。
初回答を残し、変化の理由を理解して、別の場面で確かめます。
まだ復習ノートはありません。まずは短いウォームアップを。
学習マップ
B1英語の間接話法
この単元のポイント
過去の視点と人物の指し方
時制の後方移動を指定した問題では、現在形→過去形、現在進行形→過去進行形、現在完了形→過去完了形とします。過去形→過去完了形は指定がある場合に行います。過去完了形は通常そのままです。代名詞は今だれが話し、だれが聞いているかで決まります。
間接疑問文は平叙文の語順に
疑問詞のある疑問文はasked＋人＋where/why/what time＋主語＋動詞にします。はい・いいえで答える疑問文はasked＋人＋if/whether＋主語＋動詞です。直接疑問文を作るためだけのdo/does/didは取り除きます。
指示は不定詞で伝える
依頼はasked＋人＋to＋動詞の原形、指示はtold＋人＋to＋原形で伝えます。否定はnot to＋原形です。to not＋原形も文法的に可能です。丁寧な疑問文が依頼として働くこともあるため、表す働きを確認してから型を選びましょう。
実際の時と場所を保つ
tomorrowはthe next/following dayに、yesterdayはthe day beforeになることがあります。指す対象が変わればhere/theseをthere/thoseにする必要もあります。機械的な置き換えではありません。日付や場所を明示して意味を保つこともできます。
時制の後方移動は常に必須ではない
今も成り立つ事実は、現在形でも通常の時制の後方移動でも正しく表せる場合があります。報告動詞が現在形なら、現在の視点を保つことがよくあります。指定と異なる有効な視点は課題の条件に合わないだけで、必ずしも英語として誤りではありません。sayはsaid (to somebody)、tellはtold somebodyとなり、toldの後の人にtoは付けません。
助動詞の意味を保つ
通常の過去の視点での報告では、canはcouldに、willはwouldになることがよくあります。should、could、would、mightは通常変えません。義務のmustはhad toにでき、mustのままの場合もあります。推量のmustを機械的にhad toにはしません。可能性のmayは、過去の報告では通常mightになります。
問題と解答
解答を開くと、その問題にヒント利用が記録されます。
On Monday, Ben (he) spoke to Maya. Maya is reporting his words on Tuesday, using normal past-time backshift.
I am waiting for your email.
Maya: Ben told me that ...
- he was waiting for her email.
- I was waiting for his email.
- he had waited for my email.
- he was waiting for my email.
解答と解説を開く
he was waiting for my email.
指定された過去の視点ではam waitingをwas waitingにします。Benはheに、your emailは今Mayaが話しているためmy emailになります。
A visitor asked this at the station yesterday. Report it using normal past-time backshift.
Where does the shuttle stop?
The visitor asked where ...
- the shuttle stopped.
- the shuttle had stopped.
- did the shuttle stop.
- the shuttle stops.
解答と解説を開く
the shuttle stopped.
間接疑問文ではwhereを保ち、その後を主語＋動詞にします。doesを取り除き、stopsをstoppedに後方移動します。
A caretaker gave a group a negative instruction. Keep the negative meaning.
Don't move the boxes.
The caretaker told us ...
- to move the boxes.
- not move the boxes.
- don't move the boxes.
- not to move the boxes.
解答と解説を開く
not to move the boxes.
否定の指示はtold＋人＋not to＋原形です。notを落としてはいけません。
Lia (she) spoke on Monday 12 October. It is now Wednesday 14 October. Report her Monday plan with normal backshift.
I will send the file tomorrow.
On Monday, Lia said that ...
- she would send the file today.
- she had sent the file the following day.
- she would send the file the following day.
- she would send the file the following week.
解答と解説を開く
she would send the file the following day.
月曜のメッセージのtomorrowは火曜で、報告する水曜ではありません。willはwouldになります。on Tuesday 13 Octoberも正確な時の示し方です。
A guide said that the museum opens at ten. This timetable is still true. Compare Report 1: The guide said that the museum opens at ten. Report 2: The guide said that the museum opened at ten.
Which explanation is accurate?
- Report 2 proves that the museum no longer opens at ten.
- Both can be correct; Report 1 presents the timetable as still current.
- Only Report 2 is correct because every verb must change after said.
- Only Report 1 is correct because backshift is never allowed for facts.
解答と解説を開く
Both can be correct; Report 1 presents the timetable as still current.
現在形opensは今も正しい事実を保てます。後方移動したopenedも文法的に可能です。openedだけでは時刻表が変わった証拠になりません。
Noah (he) spoke yesterday. Use normal past-time backshift to report his ability at that time.
I can repair the lock.
Noah said that ...
- he could repair the lock.
- he had to repair the lock.
- he can repair the lock.
- he would repair the lock.
解答と解説を開く
he could repair the lock.
指定された報告では当時の能力を振り返るため、canをcouldにします。had toは能力ではなく義務を表します。
Nia (she) made this statement last week while she still had the job. She has since left it. Report it using normal past-time backshift.
I work at weekends.
Nia said that ...
- she worked at weekends.
- I worked at weekends.
- she had worked at weekends.
- she works at weekends.
解答と解説を開く
she worked at weekends.
過去の報告ではworkをworkedにします。had workedは、この現在形の発言には不要な、さらに前の過去との関係を加えます。
Ava (she) made this statement yesterday. Complete the report using the past perfect.
I have finished the survey.
Ava said that she ...
解答と解説を開く
had finished the survey.
have finishedをhad finishedにします。文の書き出しにsheはすでにあります。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
Omar (he) spoke to his colleague yesterday. For this exercise, backshift the past simple to the past perfect.
I left my keys at home.
Omar said that he ...
解答と解説を開く
had left his keys at home.
指定された変換はleft→had left、my→hisです。自然な報告では過去形を保てる場合もありますが、この問題では過去完了形を明示的に求めています。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
Mira (she) asked Dan this yesterday. Dan is reporting her question now. Use normal backshift.
Are you using my charger?
Dan: Mira asked me ...
解答と解説を開く
if I was using her charger.
はい・いいえで答える疑問文にはifかwhetherが必要です。was IではなくI wasにします。myはMiraを指すため、Danの報告ではherになります。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- whether I was using her charger.
- if I was using Mira's charger.
- whether I was using Mira's charger.
- if I was using the charger she owned.
- whether I was using the charger she owned.
- whether or not I was using her charger.
- whether or not I was using Mira's charger.
- whether or not I was using the charger she owned.
Yesterday a coach asked Leo (he) about an earlier departure. Backshift did leave to had left.
Why did you leave early?
The coach asked Leo why ...
- he has left early.
- had he left early.
- if he had left early.
- he had left early.
解答と解説を開く
he had left early.
間接疑問文ではhad he leftではなくhe had leftです。コーチは理由を聞いているのでwhyを残す必要があります。
On Tuesday, Reece asked Ivy (she) about an earlier event. Ivy is reporting the question. Keep the original past perfect.
Had you seen the notice before Monday?
Ivy: Reece asked me ...
解答と解説を開く
whether I had seen the notice before Monday.
whetherかifと平叙文の語順を使います。過去完了形は通常そのままで、さらに一段後方移動するわけではありません。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- if I had seen the notice before Monday.
- whether I had seen the notice before that Monday.
- if I had seen the notice before that Monday.
- whether or not I had seen the notice before Monday.
- whether or not I had seen the notice before that Monday.
A caretaker politely requested this of Max. Report the request with the infinitive construction after asked Max.
Please close the side gate.
The caretaker asked Max ...
解答と解説を開く
to close the side gate.
依頼はasked＋人＋to＋原形で伝えます。報告ではpleaseを省くことが多いものの、to please close the side gateも自然な丁寧表現として正答に含まれます。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- to please close the side gate.
- to close the side gate, please.
Lina (she) asked Arun for his address. Arun is reporting her request with the infinitive construction after asked me.
Please email me your address.
Arun: Lina asked me ...
解答と解説を開く
to email her my address.
Linaの発言のmeはLina、yourはArunを指します。Arunが報告するとherとmyになります。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- to email Lina my address.
- to email my address to her.
- to email my address to Lina.
- to please email her my address.
- to email her my address, please.
A supervisor gave a negative instruction. Repair the reported sentence. Write the whole corrected sentence.
The supervisor told us to don't touch the switch.
Corrected report:
解答と解説を開く
The supervisor told us not to touch the switch.
told usの後はnot to touchです。to not touchも文法的に正しいので、英語の誤りとは扱いません。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- The supervisor told us to not touch the switch.
On Tuesday, Ella (she) spoke to you at the library entrance. On Wednesday you report it from home. Use normal backshift; Friday is still the intended meeting day.
I will meet you here on Friday.
Ella said that ...
- she would meet me there on Friday.
- she would meet me there the next day.
- she had met me there on Friday.
- she would meet me here on Friday.
解答と解説を開く
she would meet me there on Friday.
報告する場所が違うためhereをthereにします。Fridayは指す日が変わらないのでそのままです。
Finn (he) spoke to you on Monday 12 October. You report it on Wednesday 14 October. Use past perfect and keep the original event on Sunday 11 October.
I saw your tutor yesterday.
On Monday, Finn said that he ...
解答と解説を開く
had seen my tutor the day before.
Finnが月曜に話したyesterdayは日曜です。the day beforeや日曜の日付を明示すれば、その指し先を保てます。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- had seen my tutor on Sunday 11 October.
- had seen my tutor on Sunday.
- had seen my tutor on 11 October.
- had seen my tutor the previous day.
- had seen my tutor on the day before.
An usher pointed at some seats in the theatre yesterday. You report it from home today. Use normal past-time backshift and identify the theatre seats without pretending you are pointing at them now.
These seats are reserved.
The usher said that ...
解答と解説を開く
those seats were reserved.
those seatsでもthe seatsでも劇場の座席を指せます。視点が変わればtheseが変わることがありますが、中立的な名詞句も正確です。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- the seats were reserved.
- the seats in the theatre were reserved.
- those seats in the theatre were reserved.
A teacher said, "The school has a small library." The school still has it. You want to present that fact as current.
The school has a small library.
The teacher said that the school ...
解答と解説を開く
has a small library.
hasは今も成り立つ事実として示します。hadも過去の報告の視点では文法的に可能で、それだけで図書館がなくなったという意味にはなりません。この問題では現在の視点を求めています。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
Violet (she) is still on the bus and has just sent this message. Report it immediately with the present reporting verb says.
I am on the bus now.
Violet says that she ...
解答と解説を開く
is on the bus now.
報告動詞が現在形で状況も続いているため、ここではisをwasに、nowをthenに変える理由がありません。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- is on the bus right now.
- is on the bus at the moment.
Yesterday, Ben spoke to Jo. Jo is reporting it today. The pool’s timetable is still current. Choose a grammatical report.
The pool is closed on Mondays.
Jo's report:
- Ben told to me that the pool is closed on Mondays.
- Ben told that the pool is closed on Mondays.
- Ben said me that the pool was closed on Mondays.
- Ben told me that the pool was closed on Mondays.
解答と解説を開く
Ben told me that the pool was closed on Mondays.
toldには聞き手の目的語が必要でtold meとします。saidはto meを取れますが、meを直接は取りません。told to meはこの標準的な型ではありません。時刻表が今も正しくてもwas closedという通常の後方移動は有効です。
Eli (he) made this promise yesterday. Use normal backshift.
I will help Nora.
Eli said that ...
- he would help Nora.
- he had helped Nora.
- he had to help Nora.
- he could help Nora.
解答と解説を開く
he would help Nora.
wouldはEliの当時の視点から未来の約束を保ちます。couldでは能力や可能性に意味が変わります。
On Monday, Lena (she) described an obligation. You report it the following week, after the Friday deadline. Use had to in this exercise.
I must submit the form by Friday.
Lena said that she ...
解答と解説を開く
had to submit the form by that Friday.
had toは過去の義務を伝えます。that Fridayは元の締切を明示し、この文脈ではby Fridayも理解できます。別の報告ではmustを保てる場合もありますが、本問ではhad toを指定しています。推量のmustを機械的にhad toにはしません。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- had to submit the form by Friday.
- had to submit the form by the Friday of that week.
A tutor gave Iris this advice. Iris is reporting it.
You should save a copy.
Iris: The tutor said that I ...
解答と解説を開く
should save a copy.
助言の報告ではshouldは通常そのままです。shouldedという形を作ったり、助言を義務に変えたりしないようにしましょう。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
Milo (he) spoke to Nia yesterday. Nia reports his words with normal past-time backshift.
I am taking your bike to the shop.
Nia: Milo told me that he ...
解答と解説を開く
was taking my bike to the shop.
am takingをwas takingにします。yourはNiaを指し、Niaが報告するとmyになります。D01と同じ、聞き手が報告者になる場合の所有表現を再確認する問題です。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
Rosa (she) spoke yesterday. Complete the report using the past perfect.
I have locked the door.
Rosa said that she ...
解答と解説を開く
had locked the door.
have lockedをhad lockedにします。完了した動作という意味は変わりません。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
An agent asked Iris (she) this yesterday. Iris reports it with normal backshift.
Where do you keep the tickets?
Iris: The agent asked me where ...
解答と解説を開く
I kept the tickets.
whereを残し、語順をI keptにします。doを取り除き、keepをkeptに後方移動します。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
A tutor asked May this yesterday. May reports it. For this exercise, backshift the past simple to the past perfect.
Did you charge the tablet?
May: The tutor asked me ...
解答と解説を開く
if I had charged the tablet.
はい・いいえで答える疑問文をifかwhetherで導きます。had I chargedではなくI had chargedです。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- whether I had charged the tablet.
- whether I had charged the tablet or not.
- if I had charged the tablet or not.
- whether or not I had charged the tablet.
A coach made this request of Toby. Toby reports it with the infinitive construction after asked me.
Please bring your notebook.
Toby: The coach asked me ...
解答と解説を開く
to bring my notebook.
asked me to bringを使います。yourはTobyを指し、Tobyの報告ではmyになります。丁寧なpleaseや、意味を保つbring alongの形も受け入れられます。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- to please bring my notebook.
- to bring my notebook, please.
- to bring along my notebook.
- to bring my notebook along.
- to bring my notebook along, please.
- to bring along my notebook, please.
A ranger gave this instruction to your group. Keep the negative meaning.
Don't feed the birds.
The ranger told us ...
解答と解説を開く
not to feed the birds.
not to feedを使います。ここでの中心的な学習の型はnot toですが、to not feedも文法的に正しい形です。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- to not feed the birds.
- not to feed the birds, please.
Dana (she) spoke on Tuesday 3 November. You report it on Thursday 5 November with normal backshift. Preserve the planned return on Wednesday 4 November.
I will return tomorrow.
On Tuesday, Dana said that she ...
解答と解説を開く
would return the following day.
tomorrowは水曜を指していました。the following day、the next day、または水曜の日付の明示で、その日を保てます。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- would return the next day.
- would return on Wednesday 4 November.
- would return on Wednesday.
- would return on 4 November.
- would return on the following day.
- would return on the next day.
- would return the day after she spoke.
On Monday, Kit (they) pointed at a desk in the office. On Tuesday you report it from home. Use the past perfect and preserve the office location without pretending you are still there.
I left the parcel here.
Kit said that they ...
解答と解説を開く
had left the parcel there.
オフィスでのhereは自宅からの報告ではthereになります。at that deskと明示しても正確です。指定された過去完了形はhad leftです。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- had left the parcel at that desk.
- had left the parcel at the desk in the office.
- had left the parcel at the office desk.
Darius (he) said, "I work for a charity." He still has this job. Write two reports: one presenting the fact as current, and one using normal backshift.
I work for a charity.
Darius said that he ... [current] Darius said that he ... [backshifted]
解答と解説を開く
works for a charity. / worked for a charity.
worksは今の仕事として示し、workedは過去の報告の視点です。過去形だけでは慈善団体を辞めたことにはなりません。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
The neighbour spoke to me yesterday. The cafe’s timetable is still current. A learner wrote: “The neighbour said me that the cafe is closed on Mondays.” Correct the whole report. Either a current or a normal past viewpoint is allowed.
The cafe is closed on Mondays.
Write the corrected full report.
解答と解説を開く
The neighbour told me that the cafe is closed on Mondays.
told meかsaid to meを使います。said meは標準的な型ではありません。今も正しい時刻表はis closedでも通常の後方移動のwas closedでも報告でき、この文脈ではどちらも意味を保ちます。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- The neighbour told me that the cafe was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour told me the cafe is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour told me the cafe was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour said to me that the cafe is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour said to me that the cafe was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour said to me the cafe is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour said to me the cafe was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor told me that the cafe is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor told me that the cafe was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor told me the cafe is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor told me the cafe was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor said to me that the cafe is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor said to me that the cafe was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor said to me the cafe is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor said to me the cafe was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour told me that the café is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour told me that the café was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour told me the café is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour told me the café was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour said to me that the café is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour said to me that the café was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour said to me the café is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbour said to me the café was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor told me that the café is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor told me that the café was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor told me the café is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor told me the café was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor said to me that the café is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor said to me that the café was closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor said to me the café is closed on Mondays.
- The neighbor said to me the café was closed on Mondays.
Ari (they) described an ability yesterday. Use normal past-time backshift.
I can carry the ladder.
Ari said that they ...
解答と解説を開く
could carry the ladder.
述べた能力を過去の視点で報告するため、canをcouldにします。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
A tutor gave Zoe advice about a labelled folder. Zoe reports the advice.
You should check the label.
Zoe: The tutor said that I ...
解答と解説を開く
should check the label.
Zoeが助言を報告する際、shouldはそのままです。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
Omar (he) made this promise to Rae yesterday. Rae reports it using normal backshift.
I will check your figures.
Rae: Omar said that he ...
解答と解説を開く
would check my figures.
以前の約束を報告するため、willをwouldにします。yourはRaeを指すので、Raeはmyを使います。P16に対応する新しい修復問題です。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
Alma (she) spoke on Friday about the following Tuesday’s deadline. You report it on the Wednesday after that deadline. Report the past obligation and preserve that original Tuesday.
I must return the key by Tuesday.
Alma said that she ...
解答と解説を開く
had to return the key by that Tuesday.
had toは過去の義務を保ち、that TuesdayはAlmaの金曜の発言後に来る締切の火曜を明示します。P17に対応する、義務と期限の新しい場面です。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- had to return the key by the Tuesday after she spoke.
- had to return the key by Tuesday.
- had to return the key by the following Tuesday.
On Tuesday, Jay asked Robin about an earlier event. Robin reports the question. Keep the past perfect that is already in the original question.
Had you read the message before Monday?
Robin: Jay asked me ...
解答と解説を開く
if I had read the message before Monday.
元の文はすでにhad readです。それを保ち、ifかwhetherを加え、平叙文の語順I had readにします。had I readとはしません。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- whether I had read the message before Monday.
- if I had read the message before that Monday.
- whether I had read the message before that Monday.
- whether or not I had read the message before Monday.
- whether or not I had read the message before that Monday.
Elena (she) has just sent this message and is still in the library. Report it immediately with the present reporting verb says.
I am in the library now.
Elena says that she ...
解答と解説を開く
is in the library now.
saysは現在形の報告動詞で、Elenaはまだそこにいます。isとnowを保ちます。別の過去の報告の型ではなく、P14を直接再確認する新しい問題です。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- is in the library right now.
- is in the library at the moment.
Noor (she) spoke to Cal yesterday. Cal reports her statement now using normal past-time backshift.
I have printed your map.
Cal: Noor said that she ...
解答と解説を開く
had printed my map.
have printedをhad printedにします。your mapはCalの地図なので、Calの報告ではmy mapになります。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
A receptionist asked a visitor (he) this yesterday. Use normal backshift.
What time does your train arrive?
The receptionist asked the visitor what time ...
- his train had arrived.
- did his train arrive.
- his train arrived.
- your train arrived.
解答と解説を開く
his train arrived.
what timeの後はhis train arrivedにします。doesや直接疑問文の語順を残しません。
Yesterday, Sam asked Alex (they) about an earlier document check. Alex reports it now. In this exercise, backshift the past simple to the past perfect.
Did you check the dates?
Alex: Sam asked me ...
解答と解説を開く
whether I had checked the dates.
ifとwhetherはどちらも使えます。指定された過去完了形はI had checkedで、疑問文の倒置は残しません。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- if I had checked the dates.
- whether I had checked the dates or not.
- if I had checked the dates or not.
- whether or not I had checked the dates.
A manager gave a group this instruction. Report the negative instruction.
Don't leave the window open.
The manager told us ...
解答と解説を開く
not to leave the window open.
notを保ち、told usの後に不定詞を使います。to not leaveも文法的に正しい形です。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- to not leave the window open.
On Thursday, Ada (she) spoke to you at the sports centre. On Saturday you report it from home. The planned event is Friday. Use normal backshift.
I will wait for you here tomorrow.
On Thursday, Ada said that ...
解答と解説を開く
she would wait for me there the following day.
hereはスポーツセンター、木曜の発言のtomorrowは金曜を指します。the next dayやon Fridayでも日を保てます。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- she would wait for me there the next day.
- she would wait for me there on Friday.
- she would wait for me at the sports centre on Friday.
- she would wait for me at the sports centre the following day.
- she would wait for me at the sports centre the next day.
- she would wait for me there on the Friday after she spoke.
A guide told you that the community hall has two exits. Both exits are still there. Pass this information to a friend who is visiting today. A current or a backshifted viewpoint is acceptable.
The community hall has two exits.
The guide said that the community hall ...
解答と解説を開く
has two exits.
hasは現在の情報として示します。hadも有効な後方移動で、出口が消えた意味ではありません。どちらも与えられた事実を保ちます。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- had two exits.
Pavel (he) spoke to a colleague yesterday about a meeting. Report both parts with normal past-time backshift, keeping the ability and possibility meanings.
I can explain the route, but I may arrive late.
Pavel said that he ...
解答と解説を開く
could explain the route, but he might arrive late.
能力のcanはcouldに、可能性のmayはこの過去の報告でmightになります。butによる対比を保ちます。二つの動作の主語はどちらもPavelなので、後半のheは繰り返しても省略してもかまいません。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- could explain the route but he might arrive late.
- could explain the route, but might arrive late.
- could explain the route but might arrive late.
Optional extension. A designer proposed an action for the whole team. Report the suggestion rather than quoting Let's.
Let's use a larger label.
The designer suggested ...
解答と解説を開く
using a larger label.
suggested＋-ingでもsuggested that＋節でも提案を報告できます。suggested us to useはここで適切な型ではありません。この一問は発展問題で、B2レベルの証明ではありません。 確認済みの解答だけを自動照合します。別の文法的視点はこの指示に合わない場合がありますが、未知の表現を自動的に誤りとはしません。
ほかの正答例
- that we use a larger label.
- that we should use a larger label.
- we use a larger label.
- we should use a larger label.
- our using a larger label.
- that the team use a larger label.
- that the team should use a larger label.