명시된 세부 정보 · 근거의 한계
질문에 나온 사람·시간·장소·수량을 해당 사건과 연결하세요. 근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다.
The doors open at eight. The class starts at nine.
연구가 수정될 때 · B2. 질문에 나온 사람·시간·장소·수량을 해당 사건과 연결하세요. 근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다.
직접 작성한 영어 자료를 읽고 근거를 찾아 답하세요. 수준 표기는 편집상의 안내이며 인증 결과가 아닙니다.
The following research case is fictional and is provided for reading practice, not as scientific evidence.
A community garden project compared two ways of reminding volunteers about watering duties. One group received a fixed weekly message; the other received a message only when its scheduled watering day was approaching. The project team initially reported fewer missed sessions in the second group and suggested that more timely reminders might be useful. It did not claim to have discovered the best reminder for every kind of voluntary work.
Several weeks later, a volunteer checking the records noticed that a cancelled session had been counted as a missed duty. The cancellation followed a damaged water pipe, not a failure by the person scheduled to attend. On its own, that entry changed little. However, the discovery prompted a review of how cancellations had been recorded across both groups.
The team found that one coordinator had removed cancelled sessions before calculating a rate, while another had retained them. The groups were therefore being compared on inconsistent terms. Correcting this difference reduced the apparent advantage of the day-specific reminders. A small difference remained, but the team considered it too uncertain to support the confidence of its original summary.
The corrected report kept the raw attendance records, explained the changed calculation and displayed the original summary beside the replacement. It did not quietly overwrite the earlier document. This allowed readers to see what had changed and why. Personal details of individual volunteers remained withheld; transparency about a method did not require publishing their private contact information.
Some readers interpreted the correction as proof that all the project’s work was worthless. Others wanted to ignore it because the remaining difference pointed in the same direction. The report rejected both responses. The collection of attendance information still described useful aspects of the project, but the strength of the original comparison had been overstated. Keeping the preferred conclusion while refusing to reconsider its support would not repair that problem.
For the next season, the team proposed a shared definition of a cancelled session, agreed before data collection began. It also planned to record whether a reminder had actually been delivered. A message sent to an outdated address could not influence attendance in the same way as one received and read, although delivery records alone would not show how carefully anyone considered it.
The case illustrates a distinction between defending a particular finding and improving a process for reaching findings. A correction can weaken a result while making the reasoning behind the next investigation more dependable. Its value depends on whether the explanation is specific enough for others to inspect, not on whether the revised headline remains impressive.
질문에 나온 사람·시간·장소·수량을 해당 사건과 연결하세요. 근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다.
The doors open at eight. The class starts at nine.
실제로 제시된 이유를 찾으세요. 글 밖의 그럴듯한 이유만으로는 부족합니다. 질문에 나온 사람·시간·장소·수량을 해당 사건과 연결하세요. 근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다.
We meet inside because it is raining.
근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다. 전체 내용을 보세요. 맞는 세부 정보가 곧 중심 내용은 아닙니다.
The notice gives a price, but says nothing about delivery.
The following research case is fictional and is provided for reading practice, not as scientific evidence.
A community garden project compared two ways of reminding volunteers about watering duties. One group received a fixed weekly message; the other received a message only when its scheduled watering day was approaching. The project team initially reported fewer missed sessions in the second group and suggested that more timely reminders might be useful. It did not claim to have discovered the best reminder for every kind of voluntary work.
Several weeks later, a volunteer checking the records noticed that a cancelled session had been counted as a missed duty. The cancellation followed a damaged water pipe, not a failure by the person scheduled to attend. On its own, that entry changed little. However, the discovery prompted a review of how cancellations had been recorded across both groups.
The team found that one coordinator had removed cancelled sessions before calculating a rate, while another had retained them. The groups were therefore being compared on inconsistent terms. Correcting this difference reduced the apparent advantage of the day-specific reminders. A small difference remained, but the team considered it too uncertain to support the confidence of its original summary.
The corrected report kept the raw attendance records, explained the changed calculation and displayed the original summary beside the replacement. It did not quietly overwrite the earlier document. This allowed readers to see what had changed and why. Personal details of individual volunteers remained withheld; transparency about a method did not require publishing their private contact information.
Some readers interpreted the correction as proof that all the project’s work was worthless. Others wanted to ignore it because the remaining difference pointed in the same direction. The report rejected both responses. The collection of attendance information still described useful aspects of the project, but the strength of the original comparison had been overstated. Keeping the preferred conclusion while refusing to reconsider its support would not repair that problem.
For the next season, the team proposed a shared definition of a cancelled session, agreed before data collection began. It also planned to record whether a reminder had actually been delivered. A message sent to an outdated address could not influence attendance in the same way as one received and read, although delivery records alone would not show how carefully anyone considered it.
The case illustrates a distinction between defending a particular finding and improving a process for reaching findings. A correction can weaken a result while making the reasoning behind the next investigation more dependable. Its value depends on whether the explanation is specific enough for others to inspect, not on whether the revised headline remains impressive.
When a study is corrected
실제로 제시된 이유를 찾으세요. 글 밖의 그럴듯한 이유만으로는 부족합니다. 질문에 나온 사람·시간·장소·수량을 해당 사건과 연결하세요. 근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다.
We meet inside because it is raining.근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다. 전체 내용을 보세요. 맞는 세부 정보가 곧 중심 내용은 아닙니다.
The notice gives a price, but says nothing about delivery.질문에 나온 사람·시간·장소·수량을 해당 사건과 연결하세요. 근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다.
The doors open at eight. The class starts at nine.첫 답을 남기고 근거를 확인한 뒤 다른 문제를 풀어 보세요. 같은 자료에서 맞혔다고 새 지문에도 적용할 수 있다는 뜻은 아니에요.
아직 복습 노트가 없어요. 짧은 워밍업부터 해보세요.
질문에 나온 사람·시간·장소·수량을 해당 사건과 연결하세요. 근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다.
The doors open at eight. The class starts at nine.실제로 제시된 이유를 찾으세요. 글 밖의 그럴듯한 이유만으로는 부족합니다. 질문에 나온 사람·시간·장소·수량을 해당 사건과 연결하세요. 근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다.
We meet inside because it is raining.근거가 있는 주장과 아직 모르는 것을 나누세요. 언급이 없다고 없다는 증거는 아닙니다. 전체 내용을 보세요. 맞는 세부 정보가 곧 중심 내용은 아닙니다.
The notice gives a price, but says nothing about delivery.정답을 열면 해당 문제에 도움 사용이 기록돼요.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “Weekly reminders with reminders timed near a person’s watering day.”입니다. 근거: “One group received a fixed weekly message; the other received a message only when its scheduled watering day was approaching.”. 다른 선택지 “Reminders used in gardening with those used by other voluntary organisations.”와 비교하세요. 이 근거로 판단할 수 있는 확실성이나 적용 범위를 넘어섰습니다. 다른 선택지 “Fixed weekly messages with messages triggered by a water-pipe failure.”와 비교하세요. 측정하거나 보고한 결과를 다른 결과로 바꿨습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “A cancelled session had been counted as a missed duty.”입니다. 근거: “a cancelled session had been counted as a missed duty.”. 다른 선택지 “A revised summary showed a smaller difference before anyone checked the entries.”와 비교하세요. 초기 상황과 이후 확인 또는 결정이라는 두 단계를 혼동했습니다. 다른 선택지 “A missed duty caused the scheduled volunteer’s message to be withdrawn.”와 비교하세요. 행동의 이유를 가능한 결과나 별도의 반응과 혼동했습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “A water pipe was damaged.”입니다. 근거: “The cancellation followed a damaged water pipe”. 다른 선택지 “The scheduled volunteer could not be contacted at the recorded address.”와 비교하세요. 본문에 없는 구체적인 내용을 덧붙였습니다. 그럴듯하다는 것만으로 본문 근거가 되지는 않습니다. 다른 선택지 “The team decided to stop collecting attendance records for the season.”와 비교하세요. 제한이 있는 결과를 예외 없는 주장으로 확대했습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “The coordinators treated cancellations differently in the calculations.”입니다. 근거: “one coordinator had removed cancelled sessions before calculating a rate, while another had retained them.”. 다른 선택지 “The coordinators used different reminder times rather than different cancellation rules.”와 비교하세요. 측정하거나 보고한 결과를 다른 결과로 바꿨습니다. 다른 선택지 “Cancelled sessions were removed from the rates for both groups.”와 비교하세요. 본문에 제시된 관계를 반대로 해석했습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “It became smaller and less convincing.”입니다. 근거: “Correcting this difference reduced the apparent advantage of the day-specific reminders. A small difference remained, but the team considered it too uncertain to support the confidence of its original summary.”. 다른 선택지 “The reduced difference still justified the original level of confidence.”와 비교하세요. 이 근거로 판단할 수 있는 확실성이나 적용 범위를 넘어섰습니다. 다른 선택지 “The correction reversed the result and established weekly reminders as better.”와 비교하세요. 본문에 제시된 관계를 반대로 해석했습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “They would not show how carefully a message was considered.”입니다. 근거: “delivery records alone would not show how carefully anyone considered it.”. 다른 선택지 “They would establish that every delivered message had been considered carefully.”와 비교하세요. 이 근거로 판단할 수 있는 확실성이나 적용 범위를 넘어섰습니다. 다른 선택지 “They could not help distinguish a failed delivery from a successful one.”와 비교하세요. 제한이 있는 결과를 예외 없는 주장으로 확대했습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “It did not reveal volunteers’ private contact information.”입니다. 근거: “transparency about a method did not require publishing their private contact information.”. 다른 선택지 “It discarded the raw records so that individual entries could not be checked.”와 비교하세요. 본문에 제시된 관계를 반대로 해석했습니다. 다른 선택지 “It allowed the corrected summary to be seen but not the original version.”와 비교하세요. 본문에 제시된 관계를 반대로 해석했습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “Dismissing all the work and ignoring the correction to preserve a preferred result.”입니다. 근거: “Some readers interpreted the correction as proof that all the project’s work was worthless. Others wanted to ignore it because the remaining difference pointed in the same direction. The report rejected both responses.”. 다른 선택지 “Agreeing cancellation rules and recording actual message delivery.”와 비교하세요. 이 진술 자체는 본문과 모순되지 않습니다. 하지만 질문은 거부하거나 피하는 주장, 또는 근거로 정당화할 수 없는 주장을 묻습니다. 다른 선택지 “Retaining attendance data and explaining the corrected calculation.”와 비교하세요. 이 진술 자체는 본문과 모순되지 않습니다. 하지만 질문은 거부하거나 피하는 주장, 또는 근거로 정당화할 수 없는 주장을 묻습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “The attendance information about aspects of the project.”입니다. 근거: “The collection of attendance information still described useful aspects of the project”. 다른 선택지 “The original level of confidence in the superiority of day-specific reminders.”와 비교하세요. 이 근거로 판단할 수 있는 확실성이나 적용 범위를 넘어섰습니다. 다른 선택지 “The applicability of the result to voluntary work beyond this project.”와 비교하세요. 이 근거로 판단할 수 있는 확실성이나 적용 범위를 넘어섰습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “A shared definition of a cancelled session.”입니다. 근거: “a shared definition of a cancelled session, agreed before data collection began.”. 다른 선택지 “The conclusion the next report should retain if the difference becomes smaller.”와 비교하세요. 본문에 제시된 관계를 반대로 해석했습니다. 다른 선택지 “Which volunteers’ private contact details should accompany the published records.”와 비교하세요. 특징이나 행동을 다른 집단 또는 화자의 것으로 돌렸습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “It displayed it beside the corrected replacement.”입니다. 근거: “displayed the original summary beside the replacement.”. 다른 선택지 “It substituted a list of volunteers’ contact details for the original summary.”와 비교하세요. 본문에 제시된 관계를 반대로 해석했습니다. 다른 선택지 “It retained the original as the only public account of the comparison.”와 비교하세요. 본문에 제시된 관계를 반대로 해석했습니다.
When a study is corrected
근거에 맞는 답은 “A weaker result can accompany a more dependable investigative process.”입니다. 근거: “A correction can weaken a result while making the reasoning behind the next investigation more dependable.”. 다른 선택지 “A calculation error removes the value of the underlying attendance information.”와 비교하세요. 한계가 있다는 이유로 기여 전체를 버리려 합니다. 유용성과 한계는 구분해야 합니다. 다른 선택지 “Improving the process confirms the substantive claim made in the original summary.”와 비교하세요. 이 근거로 판단할 수 있는 확실성이나 적용 범위를 넘어섰습니다.