B2

عندما تُصحَّح دراسة

عن هذا الدرس

عندما تُصحَّح دراسة · B2. اربط الشخص أو الوقت أو المكان أو الكمية بالحدث الصحيح. ميّز المدعوم عما يبقى مجهولاً؛ عدم الذكر لا يثبت عدم الوجود.

اقرأ المادة الإنجليزية الأصلية وأجب مستنداً إلى الأدلة. المستوى دليل تحريري وليس نتيجة معتمدة.

12 سؤالًا
احفظه لتجده لاحقًا في مجموعتي.
When a study is corrected — context illustration
القراءةB2

When a study is corrected

اقرأ المادة الإنجليزية الأصلية وأجب مستنداً إلى الأدلة. المستوى دليل تحريري وليس نتيجة معتمدة.

The following research case is fictional and is provided for reading practice, not as scientific evidence.

A community garden project compared two ways of reminding volunteers about watering duties. One group received a fixed weekly message; the other received a message only when its scheduled watering day was approaching. The project team initially reported fewer missed sessions in the second group and suggested that more timely reminders might be useful. It did not claim to have discovered the best reminder for every kind of voluntary work.

Several weeks later, a volunteer checking the records noticed that a cancelled session had been counted as a missed duty. The cancellation followed a damaged water pipe, not a failure by the person scheduled to attend. On its own, that entry changed little. However, the discovery prompted a review of how cancellations had been recorded across both groups.

The team found that one coordinator had removed cancelled sessions before calculating a rate, while another had retained them. The groups were therefore being compared on inconsistent terms. Correcting this difference reduced the apparent advantage of the day-specific reminders. A small difference remained, but the team considered it too uncertain to support the confidence of its original summary.

The corrected report kept the raw attendance records, explained the changed calculation and displayed the original summary beside the replacement. It did not quietly overwrite the earlier document. This allowed readers to see what had changed and why. Personal details of individual volunteers remained withheld; transparency about a method did not require publishing their private contact information.

Some readers interpreted the correction as proof that all the project’s work was worthless. Others wanted to ignore it because the remaining difference pointed in the same direction. The report rejected both responses. The collection of attendance information still described useful aspects of the project, but the strength of the original comparison had been overstated. Keeping the preferred conclusion while refusing to reconsider its support would not repair that problem.

For the next season, the team proposed a shared definition of a cancelled session, agreed before data collection began. It also planned to record whether a reminder had actually been delivered. A message sent to an outdated address could not influence attendance in the same way as one received and read, although delivery records alone would not show how carefully anyone considered it.

The case illustrates a distinction between defending a particular finding and improving a process for reaching findings. A correction can weaken a result while making the reasoning behind the next investigation more dependable. Its value depends on whether the explanation is specific enough for others to inspect, not on whether the revised headline remains impressive.

توضيح بسيط أولًا

التفاصيل المذكورة، حدود الأدلة

اربط الشخص أو الوقت أو المكان أو الكمية بالحدث الصحيح. ميّز المدعوم عما يبقى مجهولاً؛ عدم الذكر لا يثبت عدم الوجود.

The doors open at eight. The class starts at nine.

الأسباب، التفاصيل المذكورة، حدود الأدلة

اعتمد السبب المذكور؛ لا يكفي سبب محتمل من خارج النص. اربط الشخص أو الوقت أو المكان أو الكمية بالحدث الصحيح. ميّز المدعوم عما يبقى مجهولاً؛ عدم الذكر لا يثبت عدم الوجود.

We meet inside because it is raining.

حدود الأدلة، الفكرة الرئيسية

ميّز المدعوم عما يبقى مجهولاً؛ عدم الذكر لا يثبت عدم الوجود. اعتمد النص كله؛ ليست كل تفصيلة صحيحة هي الفكرة الرئيسية.

The notice gives a price, but says nothing about delivery.

مادة التعلم
When a study is corrected — context illustration
القراءةB2

When a study is corrected

اقرأ المادة الإنجليزية الأصلية وأجب مستنداً إلى الأدلة. المستوى دليل تحريري وليس نتيجة معتمدة.

The following research case is fictional and is provided for reading practice, not as scientific evidence.

A community garden project compared two ways of reminding volunteers about watering duties. One group received a fixed weekly message; the other received a message only when its scheduled watering day was approaching. The project team initially reported fewer missed sessions in the second group and suggested that more timely reminders might be useful. It did not claim to have discovered the best reminder for every kind of voluntary work.

Several weeks later, a volunteer checking the records noticed that a cancelled session had been counted as a missed duty. The cancellation followed a damaged water pipe, not a failure by the person scheduled to attend. On its own, that entry changed little. However, the discovery prompted a review of how cancellations had been recorded across both groups.

The team found that one coordinator had removed cancelled sessions before calculating a rate, while another had retained them. The groups were therefore being compared on inconsistent terms. Correcting this difference reduced the apparent advantage of the day-specific reminders. A small difference remained, but the team considered it too uncertain to support the confidence of its original summary.

The corrected report kept the raw attendance records, explained the changed calculation and displayed the original summary beside the replacement. It did not quietly overwrite the earlier document. This allowed readers to see what had changed and why. Personal details of individual volunteers remained withheld; transparency about a method did not require publishing their private contact information.

Some readers interpreted the correction as proof that all the project’s work was worthless. Others wanted to ignore it because the remaining difference pointed in the same direction. The report rejected both responses. The collection of attendance information still described useful aspects of the project, but the strength of the original comparison had been overstated. Keeping the preferred conclusion while refusing to reconsider its support would not repair that problem.

For the next season, the team proposed a shared definition of a cancelled session, agreed before data collection began. It also planned to record whether a reminder had actually been delivered. A message sent to an outdated address could not influence attendance in the same way as one received and read, although delivery records alone would not show how carefully anyone considered it.

The case illustrates a distinction between defending a particular finding and improving a process for reaching findings. A correction can weaken a result while making the reasoning behind the next investigation more dependable. Its value depends on whether the explanation is specific enough for others to inspect, not on whether the revised headline remains impressive.

0/12
الأسئلة
01 / 12D01احفظه لتجده لاحقًا في مجموعتي.

When a study is corrected

What did the project compare?

إجابتك
1 / 12

مسار التعلّم

01
خطوة 1 · تهيئة

تهيئة

0/3
02
خطوة 2 · بناء المهارة

الأسباب، التفاصيل المذكورة، حدود الأدلة

0/2

اعتمد السبب المذكور؛ لا يكفي سبب محتمل من خارج النص. اربط الشخص أو الوقت أو المكان أو الكمية بالحدث الصحيح. ميّز المدعوم عما يبقى مجهولاً؛ عدم الذكر لا يثبت عدم الوجود.

We meet inside because it is raining.
03
خطوة 3 · بناء المهارة

حدود الأدلة، الفكرة الرئيسية

0/1

ميّز المدعوم عما يبقى مجهولاً؛ عدم الذكر لا يثبت عدم الوجود. اعتمد النص كله؛ ليست كل تفصيلة صحيحة هي الفكرة الرئيسية.

The notice gives a price, but says nothing about delivery.
04
خطوة 4 · بناء المهارة

التفاصيل المذكورة، حدود الأدلة

0/1

اربط الشخص أو الوقت أو المكان أو الكمية بالحدث الصحيح. ميّز المدعوم عما يبقى مجهولاً؛ عدم الذكر لا يثبت عدم الوجود.

The doors open at eight. The class starts at nine.
05
خطوة 5 · تدريب مرتبط

تدريب مرتبط

0/3
06
خطوة 6 · تحدّي المادة

تحدّي المادة

0/2
ملاحظات هذه الوحدة

حوّل الأخطاء إلى تعلّم.

احتفظ بمحاولتك الأولى وتحقّق من الدليل وجرّب سؤالًا آخر. النجاح في المادة نفسها لا يثبت نقل المهارة إلى نص جديد.

0

لا توجد ملاحظات بعد. جرّب تهيئة قصيرة.

خريطة الدرس

عندما تُصحَّح دراسة

B2
When a study is corrected

نقاط الدرس

01

التفاصيل المذكورة، حدود الأدلة

اربط الشخص أو الوقت أو المكان أو الكمية بالحدث الصحيح. ميّز المدعوم عما يبقى مجهولاً؛ عدم الذكر لا يثبت عدم الوجود.

The doors open at eight. The class starts at nine.
02

الأسباب، التفاصيل المذكورة، حدود الأدلة

اعتمد السبب المذكور؛ لا يكفي سبب محتمل من خارج النص. اربط الشخص أو الوقت أو المكان أو الكمية بالحدث الصحيح. ميّز المدعوم عما يبقى مجهولاً؛ عدم الذكر لا يثبت عدم الوجود.

We meet inside because it is raining.
03

حدود الأدلة، الفكرة الرئيسية

ميّز المدعوم عما يبقى مجهولاً؛ عدم الذكر لا يثبت عدم الوجود. اعتمد النص كله؛ ليست كل تفصيلة صحيحة هي الفكرة الرئيسية.

The notice gives a price, but says nothing about delivery.

الأسئلة والأجوبة

فتح إجابة يسجّل استخدام المساعدة لذلك السؤال.

D01 · تهيئة

When a study is corrected

What did the project compare?

  1. Messages sent to current addresses with those sent to outdated ones.
  2. Reminders used in gardening with those used by other voluntary organisations.
  3. Weekly reminders with reminders timed near a person’s watering day.
  4. Fixed weekly messages with messages triggered by a water-pipe failure.
الإجابة والشرح
Weekly reminders with reminders timed near a person’s watering day.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «Weekly reminders with reminders timed near a person’s watering day.». الدليل: «One group received a fixed weekly message; the other received a message only when its scheduled watering day was approaching.». قارن بالبديل «Reminders used in gardening with those used by other voluntary organisations.». يدّعي هذا يقيناً أو نطاق تطبيق أوسع مما تسمح به الأدلة. قارن بالبديل «Fixed weekly messages with messages triggered by a water-pipe failure.». يستبدل هذا النتيجة المقاسة أو المعلنة بنتيجة أخرى.

D02 · تهيئة

When a study is corrected

What first triggered a closer review?

  1. A revised summary showed a smaller difference before anyone checked the entries.
  2. The same reminder pattern had already been tested across several organisations.
  3. A cancelled session had been counted as a missed duty.
  4. A missed duty caused the scheduled volunteer’s message to be withdrawn.
الإجابة والشرح
A cancelled session had been counted as a missed duty.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «A cancelled session had been counted as a missed duty.». الدليل: «a cancelled session had been counted as a missed duty.». قارن بالبديل «A revised summary showed a smaller difference before anyone checked the entries.». يخلط هذا بين مرحلتين: الوضع الأولي والتحقق أو القرار اللاحق. قارن بالبديل «A missed duty caused the scheduled volunteer’s message to be withdrawn.». يخلط هذا سبب الفعل بنتيجته المحتملة أو بردّ فعل آخر.

D03 · تهيئة

When a study is corrected

Why had that session been cancelled?

  1. The scheduled volunteer could not be contacted at the recorded address.
  2. The assigned volunteer ignored a reminder.
  3. A water pipe was damaged.
  4. The team decided to stop collecting attendance records for the season.
الإجابة والشرح
A water pipe was damaged.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «A water pipe was damaged.». الدليل: «The cancellation followed a damaged water pipe». قارن بالبديل «The scheduled volunteer could not be contacted at the recorded address.». يضيف هذا تفصيلاً محدداً لم تورده المادة؛ المعقولية ليست دليلاً من النص. قارن بالبديل «The team decided to stop collecting attendance records for the season.». يحوّل هذا نتيجة مقيّدة إلى ادعاء بلا استثناءات.

P01 · بناء المهارة

When a study is corrected

What made the original group comparison inconsistent?

  1. The cancelled-session entries had been deleted from the raw records.
  2. The coordinators used different reminder times rather than different cancellation rules.
  3. The coordinators treated cancellations differently in the calculations.
  4. Cancelled sessions were removed from the rates for both groups.
الإجابة والشرح
The coordinators treated cancellations differently in the calculations.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «The coordinators treated cancellations differently in the calculations.». الدليل: «one coordinator had removed cancelled sessions before calculating a rate, while another had retained them.». قارن بالبديل «The coordinators used different reminder times rather than different cancellation rules.». يستبدل هذا النتيجة المقاسة أو المعلنة بنتيجة أخرى. قارن بالبديل «Cancelled sessions were removed from the rates for both groups.». يعكس هذا العلاقة المذكورة في النص.

P02 · بناء المهارة

When a study is corrected

What happened to the apparent advantage after correction?

  1. It became smaller and less convincing.
  2. The correction reversed the result and established weekly reminders as better.
  3. The reduced difference still justified the original level of confidence.
  4. The direction of the result meant the strength of the comparison was unchanged.
الإجابة والشرح
It became smaller and less convincing.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «It became smaller and less convincing.». الدليل: «Correcting this difference reduced the apparent advantage of the day-specific reminders. A small difference remained, but the team considered it too uncertain to support the confidence of its original summary.». قارن بالبديل «The reduced difference still justified the original level of confidence.». يدّعي هذا يقيناً أو نطاق تطبيق أوسع مما تسمح به الأدلة. قارن بالبديل «The correction reversed the result and established weekly reminders as better.». يعكس هذا العلاقة المذكورة في النص.

P03 · بناء المهارة

When a study is corrected

Why would delivery records still have a limit?

  1. They would not show how carefully a message was considered.
  2. They would provide enough information to replace the attendance comparison.
  3. They would establish that every delivered message had been considered carefully.
  4. They could not help distinguish a failed delivery from a successful one.
الإجابة والشرح
They would not show how carefully a message was considered.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «They would not show how carefully a message was considered.». الدليل: «delivery records alone would not show how carefully anyone considered it.». قارن بالبديل «They would establish that every delivered message had been considered carefully.». يدّعي هذا يقيناً أو نطاق تطبيق أوسع مما تسمح به الأدلة. قارن بالبديل «They could not help distinguish a failed delivery from a successful one.». يحوّل هذا نتيجة مقيّدة إلى ادعاء بلا استثناءات.

P04 · بناء المهارة

When a study is corrected

What limit did the team place on transparency?

  1. It allowed the corrected summary to be seen but not the original version.
  2. It withheld the method while explaining individual volunteers’ contact circumstances.
  3. It did not reveal volunteers’ private contact information.
  4. It discarded the raw records so that individual entries could not be checked.
الإجابة والشرح
It did not reveal volunteers’ private contact information.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «It did not reveal volunteers’ private contact information.». الدليل: «transparency about a method did not require publishing their private contact information.». قارن بالبديل «It discarded the raw records so that individual entries could not be checked.». يعكس هذا العلاقة المذكورة في النص. قارن بالبديل «It allowed the corrected summary to be seen but not the original version.». يعكس هذا العلاقة المذكورة في النص.

R01 · تدريب مرتبط

When a study is corrected

Which two responses did the report reject?

  1. Retaining attendance data and explaining the corrected calculation.
  2. Dismissing all the work and ignoring the correction to preserve a preferred result.
  3. Withholding personal contact information while displaying both summaries.
  4. Agreeing cancellation rules and recording actual message delivery.
الإجابة والشرح
Dismissing all the work and ignoring the correction to preserve a preferred result.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «Dismissing all the work and ignoring the correction to preserve a preferred result.». الدليل: «Some readers interpreted the correction as proof that all the project’s work was worthless. Others wanted to ignore it because the remaining difference pointed in the same direction. The report rejected both responses.». قارن بالبديل «Agreeing cancellation rules and recording actual message delivery.». هذه العبارة منسجمة مع المادة، لكنها ليست الإجابة لأن السؤال يطلب ادعاءً مرفوضاً أو متجنباً أو غير مبرر بالأدلة. قارن بالبديل «Retaining attendance data and explaining the corrected calculation.». هذه العبارة منسجمة مع المادة، لكنها ليست الإجابة لأن السؤال يطلب ادعاءً مرفوضاً أو متجنباً أو غير مبرر بالأدلة.

R02 · تدريب مرتبط

When a study is corrected

What remained useful despite the weakened comparison?

  1. The applicability of the result to voluntary work beyond this project.
  2. The inference that successful delivery means a message was read closely.
  3. The attendance information about aspects of the project.
  4. The original level of confidence in the superiority of day-specific reminders.
الإجابة والشرح
The attendance information about aspects of the project.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «The attendance information about aspects of the project.». الدليل: «The collection of attendance information still described useful aspects of the project». قارن بالبديل «The original level of confidence in the superiority of day-specific reminders.». يدّعي هذا يقيناً أو نطاق تطبيق أوسع مما تسمح به الأدلة. قارن بالبديل «The applicability of the result to voluntary work beyond this project.». يدّعي هذا يقيناً أو نطاق تطبيق أوسع مما تسمح به الأدلة.

R03 · تدريب مرتبط

When a study is corrected

What would be agreed before the next collection of data?

  1. A shared definition of a cancelled session.
  2. A rule counting sent messages as received without checking delivery.
  3. Which volunteers’ private contact details should accompany the published records.
  4. The conclusion the next report should retain if the difference becomes smaller.
الإجابة والشرح
A shared definition of a cancelled session.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «A shared definition of a cancelled session.». الدليل: «a shared definition of a cancelled session, agreed before data collection began.». قارن بالبديل «The conclusion the next report should retain if the difference becomes smaller.». يعكس هذا العلاقة المذكورة في النص. قارن بالبديل «Which volunteers’ private contact details should accompany the published records.». ينسب هذا صفة أو فعلاً إلى المجموعة أو المتحدث الخطأ.

X01 · تحدّي المادة

When a study is corrected

How did the team handle the original summary?

  1. It removed it without explanation.
  2. It substituted a list of volunteers’ contact details for the original summary.
  3. It displayed it beside the corrected replacement.
  4. It retained the original as the only public account of the comparison.
الإجابة والشرح
It displayed it beside the corrected replacement.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «It displayed it beside the corrected replacement.». الدليل: «displayed the original summary beside the replacement.». قارن بالبديل «It substituted a list of volunteers’ contact details for the original summary.». يعكس هذا العلاقة المذكورة في النص. قارن بالبديل «It retained the original as the only public account of the comparison.». يعكس هذا العلاقة المذكورة في النص.

X02 · تحدّي المادة

When a study is corrected

What is the case’s main lesson about correction?

  1. A weaker result can accompany a more dependable investigative process.
  2. Improving the process confirms the substantive claim made in the original summary.
  3. A correction is valuable chiefly when the revised headline remains persuasive.
  4. A calculation error removes the value of the underlying attendance information.
الإجابة والشرح
A weaker result can accompany a more dependable investigative process.

الإجابة التي تدعمها المادة هي «A weaker result can accompany a more dependable investigative process.». الدليل: «A correction can weaken a result while making the reasoning behind the next investigation more dependable.». قارن بالبديل «A calculation error removes the value of the underlying attendance information.». يتخذ هذا وجود حدّ سبباً لرفض الإسهام كله، بدلاً من التمييز بين فائدته وحدوده. قارن بالبديل «Improving the process confirms the substantive claim made in the original summary.». يدّعي هذا يقيناً أو نطاق تطبيق أوسع مما تسمح به الأدلة.