B2

Degree and attitude Exercises

About this lesson

Degree and attitude · B2. Substantial often stresses amount or size. Significant can also describe a large or noteworthy change; the two words overlap and are not absolute opposites. This card teaches “reluctant” in the sense unwilling or hesitant to do something. Use the sentence to identify the sense; the same spelling may have other meanings. Related expressions are not automatically interchangeable.

Practise 6 meanings and useful combinations in 12 original tasks. Level labels are editorial guidance, not certification.

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Vocabulary

Learning cards

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substantial
substantial
B2
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substantial

large in amount or extent
In a sentence

The repairs required a substantial amount of money.

The repairs required a substantial amount of money.

Useful combinations
a substantial amounta substantial increase

Word forms & family

substantially

Similar meanings & paraphrases

considerable

These match this sense. Word families can change meaning; near meanings are not always interchangeable.

Substantial often stresses amount or size. Significant can also describe a large or noteworthy change; the two words overlap and are not absolute opposites.

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A little clarity first

substantial / reluctant

Substantial often stresses amount or size. Significant can also describe a large or noteworthy change; the two words overlap and are not absolute opposites. This card teaches “reluctant” in the sense unwilling or hesitant to do something. Use the sentence to identify the sense; the same spelling may have other meanings. Related expressions are not automatically interchangeable.

The repairs required a substantial amount of money.

significant / willing

Substantial often stresses amount or size. Significant can also describe a large or noteworthy change; the two words overlap and are not absolute opposites. This card teaches “willing” in the sense ready to do something voluntarily. Use the sentence to identify the sense; the same spelling may have other meanings. Related expressions are not automatically interchangeable.

That small discovery was significant for later research.

likely / concerned

This card teaches “likely” in the sense probable or expected to happen. Use the sentence to identify the sense; the same spelling may have other meanings. Related expressions are not automatically interchangeable. This card teaches “concerned” in the sense worried about something. Use the sentence to identify the sense; the same spelling may have other meanings. Related expressions are not automatically interchangeable.

Rain is likely later this afternoon.

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Questions
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Choose the expression or form that matches the stated situation.

Which adjective specifically stresses large amount or size? There was a ___ increase of nearly fifty per cent.

Your answer
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Your learning route

01
Step 1 · Warm-up

Warm-up

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02
Step 2 · Build the skill

likely / concerned

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This card teaches “likely” in the sense probable or expected to happen. Use the sentence to identify the sense; the same spelling may have other meanings. Related expressions are not automatically interchangeable. This card teaches “concerned” in the sense worried about something. Use the sentence to identify the sense; the same spelling may have other meanings. Related expressions are not automatically interchangeable.

Rain is likely later this afternoon.
03
Step 3 · Build the skill

substantial / reluctant

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Substantial often stresses amount or size. Significant can also describe a large or noteworthy change; the two words overlap and are not absolute opposites. This card teaches “reluctant” in the sense unwilling or hesitant to do something. Use the sentence to identify the sense; the same spelling may have other meanings. Related expressions are not automatically interchangeable.

The repairs required a substantial amount of money.
04
Step 4 · Build the skill

significant / willing

0/1

Substantial often stresses amount or size. Significant can also describe a large or noteworthy change; the two words overlap and are not absolute opposites. This card teaches “willing” in the sense ready to do something voluntarily. Use the sentence to identify the sense; the same spelling may have other meanings. Related expressions are not automatically interchangeable.

That small discovery was significant for later research.
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Step 5 · Meaning & use review

Meaning & use review

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Practice notes in this unit

Make mistakes useful.

Review the meaning and the explanation, then try another question about the same word use.

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Questions & answers

Opening an answer records help for that question.

D01 · Warm-up

Choose the expression or form that matches the stated situation.

Which adjective specifically stresses large amount or size? There was a ___ increase of nearly fifty per cent.

  1. substantial
  2. willing
  3. concerned
  4. reluctant
Answer & explanation
substantial

Here “substantial” means large in amount or extent. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “a substantial amount”. Substantial often stresses amount or size. Significant can also describe a large or noteworthy change; the two words overlap and are not absolute opposites.

R01 · Meaning & use review

The building work required a substantial amount of steel: over two hundred tonnes.

Which meaning of “substantial” is used in this sentence?

  1. small in amount or size
  2. only temporary
  3. certain to happen
  4. large in amount or extent
Answer & explanation
large in amount or extent

Here “substantial” means large in amount or extent. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “a substantial amount”. Substantial often stresses amount or size. Significant can also describe a large or noteworthy change; the two words overlap and are not absolute opposites.

D02 · Warm-up

Choose the expression or form that matches the stated situation.

Which adjective here means important rather than necessarily large? Even a tiny change can be ___.

  1. willing
  2. significant
  3. reluctant
  4. concerned
Answer & explanation
significant

Here “significant” means important enough to deserve attention. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “a significant discovery”. Substantial often stresses amount or size. Significant can also describe a large or noteworthy change; the two words overlap and are not absolute opposites.

R02 · Meaning & use review

The discovery was significant because it changed how doctors treated the illness.

Which meaning of “significant” is used in this sentence?

  1. completely predictable
  2. lasting only briefly
  3. important enough to deserve attention
  4. of little importance
Answer & explanation
important enough to deserve attention

Here “significant” means important enough to deserve attention. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “a significant discovery”. Substantial often stresses amount or size. Significant can also describe a large or noteworthy change; the two words overlap and are not absolute opposites.

P01 · Build the skill

Choose the expression or form that matches the stated situation.

The forecast gives this outcome a high probability. It is ___ to happen.

  1. willing
  2. reluctant
  3. concerned
  4. likely
Answer & explanation
likely

Here “likely” means probable or expected to happen. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “be likely to happen”.

R03 · Meaning & use review

With clouds that dark, rain is likely, although it is not certain.

Which meaning of “likely” is used in this sentence?

  1. probable or expected to happen
  2. impossible to happen
  3. not expected to happen
  4. certain to happen
Answer & explanation
probable or expected to happen

Here “likely” means probable or expected to happen. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “be likely to happen”.

P02 · Build the skill

Choose the expression or form that matches the stated situation.

He hesitated because he did not want to agree. He was ___ to sign.

  1. reluctant
  2. likely
  3. willing
  4. substantial
Answer & explanation
reluctant

Here “reluctant” means unwilling or hesitant to do something. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “reluctant to agree”.

R04 · Meaning & use review

Mina was reluctant to lend her new bike because she worried it might be damaged.

Which meaning of “reluctant” is used in this sentence?

  1. ready and happy to act
  2. not aware that action is needed
  3. unable to act because of a physical limitation
  4. unwilling or hesitant to do something
Answer & explanation
unwilling or hesitant to do something

Here “reluctant” means unwilling or hesitant to do something. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “reluctant to agree”.

P03 · Build the skill

Choose the expression or form that matches the stated situation.

She agreed freely and was ready to help without being forced. She was ___ to help.

  1. substantial
  2. significant
  3. reluctant
  4. willing
Answer & explanation
willing

Here “willing” means ready to do something voluntarily. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “willing to help”.

R05 · Meaning & use review

Although it was not his job, Leo was willing to stay and help us.

Which meaning of “willing” is used in this sentence?

  1. forced to act against a preference
  2. unwilling or hesitant to act
  3. ready to do something voluntarily
  4. certain that action will succeed
Answer & explanation
ready to do something voluntarily

Here “willing” means ready to do something voluntarily. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “willing to help”.

P04 · Build the skill

Choose the expression or form that matches the stated situation.

The parents are worried about the children’s safety. They are ___ about it.

  1. substantial
  2. likely
  3. concerned
  4. significant
Answer & explanation
concerned

Here “concerned” means worried about something. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “concerned about safety”.

R06 · Meaning & use review

The parents were concerned about the safety of the broken playground equipment.

Which meaning of “concerned” is used in this sentence?

  1. worried about something
  2. calm and not worried
  3. certain of a successful outcome
  4. pleased with the outcome
Answer & explanation
worried about something

Here “concerned” means worried about something. The situation is about this sense, and the useful combination is “concerned about safety”.